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C Programming

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Lec-01 : Algorithm

Description

It is a general-purpose, high-level, procedural, imperative computer programming language originally developed in the early's 1970 by Dennis M. Ritchie in the Bell Telephone Laboratories for UNIX operating system.

C is the more widely used computer programming language.

Prerequisite

Better have a fundamental understanding of Computer Programming terminologies.

Topics Covered

• Variables & Data Types • Operators • Control Statements. • Arrays

• Functions • Pointers • Strings • Structures • Files

For whom

• This tutorial is designed and created for software programmers required to understand the C programming language starting from scratch.

• It will also be helpful for those students who are preparing them for their Engineering Syllabus.

Reference books

1. “The C Programming Language” by Brian W Kernighan / Dennis Ritchie

2. “Let Us C” by Yashavant Kanetkar

3. “Programming in C” by Reema Thareja

4. “Computer Basics and C Programming” by Raj

Q & A
Exam Questions

Q1 . what are the key features in the C programming language?
Q2 . what are the basic data types associated with C?
Q3 . what is the description for syntax errors?
Q4 . what is the process to create increment and decrement statement in C?
Q5 . what are reserved words with a programming language?
Q6 . what is the explanation for the dangling pointer in C?
Q7 . Describe static function with its usage?
Q8 . what is the difference between abs () and fabs () functions?
Q9 . Describe Wild Pointers in C?
Q10 . what is the difference between ++a and a++?

1972 at bell laboratories of AT&T.

• Simple. • Portable • Mid Level • Structured • Fast Speed • Memory Management. • Extensible

A pointer that doesn't refer to any address of value but refers to NULL is known as a NULL pointer. When we assign a 'zero' value to a pointer of any type, then it becomes a Null pointer.

A far pointer is a pointer that can access all the 16 segments (whole residence memory) of the Random Access Memory A far pointer is a 32-bit pointer that gets the information from outside the memory in a given section.

A pointer in c is a variable that refers to the address of a value. It makes the code optimized and makes the performance fast. When a variable to declare inside a program, then the system allocates some memory to a variable. The memory contains some address numbers. The variable that holds this address number is known as the pointer variable. For example: Data type *p;

printf(): The printf() function is used to printing the integer, character, float, and string values onto the screen. scanf(): The scanf() function is used for taking input from the user.

For taking the negative integer get the two's compliment of the same positive integer. Ex: 1011 (-5) Step-1 − First take one's compliment of 5: 1010 Step-2 − Then Add 1 to above, giving 1011, which is -5

Every local variable of a function in c is known as an automatic (auto) variable. Variables, which are declaring inside the function block, are called local variables. It is optional for using an auto keyword before the data type of a variable.

The sprintf() means

When a function calls itself then that process is known as recursion. Recursive function comes in two phases: Winding phase Unwinding phase

An Array is a group of similar types of data elements. The array has a contiguous memory location. It performs the code optimized, easy to traverse, and easy to sort. Once the size and type of arrays are declaring it cannot be changed. There are two types of arrays: 1 .One-dimensional array: Syntax: data_type array_name[size]; 2. Multidimensional array: Syntax: data_type array_name[size];

1. Accessing array elements: Pointers are using in traversing by an array of integers and strings. The string is an array of characters that is terminating by a null(/0) character ''. 2. Dynamic memory allocation: Pointers are using in the allocation and deallocation of memory during the execution of a program. 3. Call by Reference: The pointers are used to pass a reference of a variable to another function. 4. Data Structures like a tree, graph, linked list, etc.: The pointers are using to construct different data structures as if trees, graphs, linked lists, etc.

Both allocate memory from the heap area/dynamic memory. By default, the calloc fills the allocated memory with 0's.

The structure is a user-defined data type that allows the storing of multiple types of data in a single unit. It occupies the total of the memory of all members. The structure members can be accessed only by using structure variables. Syntax of structure struct structure_name { Member_variable1; Member_variable2 - - }[structure variables];

The extern storage specifier is using to resolve the scope of the global symbol. Eg: main() { extern int i; Printf (

The starting address of the array is known as the base address of the array.

If a variable is more frequently used then it should be declared using register storage specifier, and if it's possible then the compiler gives CPU register for its storage to speed up the lookup of the variable.

The features of the C language consist: 1. Low-level access to memory 2. Simple set of keywords 3. Clean style.

There is four storage class specifier 1. Auto 2. Register 3. Static 4. Extern

The scope of a variable is the part of the program where the variable may be directly accessible. In C, all the identifiers are scope lexically (or statically).

when the programmers create a memory in heap and forgot it to delete then a memory leak occurs. Memory leaks are one of the serious issues for the programs like daemons and servers, which by definition never terminate.

The expression that appears on the right side of the assignment operator is called an rvalue. Rvalue is assigning to the lvalue, which gets appears on the left side of the assignment operator.

The parameters sent to the function at the calling end are called actual parameters while at the receiving of the function definition is called formal parameters.

Every local variable is by default being an auto variable and it is stored in stack memory.

A structure containing an element of another structure as its member is referred to so.

A structure that consists of the same structure pointer variable as its element is called a self-referential structure.

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Course Feature

Category Computer Science
Language English
Price 49.00
Validity 1 Year
Q & A 26
Exam Questions 10
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Computer Science

C Programming

Lec-01 : Algorithm

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Computer Science

1.Introduction & Simple Programs

2.Variables & Data types

3.Operators

4.Control Statements

5.Arrays

6.Functions

7.Pointers

8.Strings

9.Structures

10.Files

C Programming

Lec-01 : Algorithm

1.Introduction & Simple Programs

2.Variables & Data types

3.Operators

4.Control Statements

5.Arrays

6.Functions

7.Pointers

8.Strings

9.Structures

10.Files

Q1 . When was the C language developed?

Q2 . What are the main features of the C language?

Q3 . What is a NULL pointer in C?

Q4 . What is a far pointer in C?

Q5 . What is a pointer in C?

Q6 . What is the use of printf() and scanf() functions?

Q7 . How a negative integer is stored.

Q8 . What is an auto keyword in C?

Q9 . What is the purpose of the sprintf() function?

Q10 . What is recursion in C?

Q11 . What is an array in C?

Q12 . What is the use of pointer in C?

Q13 . Distinguish between malloc () & calloc () memory allocation.

Q14 . What is the structure?

Q15 . What is the purpose of the extern storage specifier?

Q16 . What is the meaning of the base address of the array?

Q17 . When should we use the register storage specifier?

Q18 . What are the main characteristics of the C language?

Q19 . What are the different storage class specifiers in C?

Q20 . What is the scope of a variable? How is the variable's scope in C?

Q21 . What is a memory leak? Why it should be avoid

Q22 . What are lvalue and rvalue?

Q23 . What is the difference between actual and formal parameters?

Q24 . Where an automatic variable is stored?

Q25 . What is a nested structure?

Q26 . What is a self-referential structure?

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